Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

Which statement correctly describes an individual with Turner Syndrome?

1. They have two normal X chromosomes

2. They have an extra X chromosome

3. They typically have physical and developmental challenges

4. They cannot transmit genetic information

The correct answer is: They typically have physical and developmental challenges

An individual with Turner Syndrome typically has a partial or complete absence of one of the X chromosomes, resulting in a total of only one X chromosome instead of two. This chromosomal abnormality leads to a range of physical and developmental challenges, which may include short stature, delayed puberty, heart defects, and certain learning difficulties. Thus, the characteristic features and health issues associated with Turner Syndrome align well with the statement regarding physical and developmental challenges. The other statements do not accurately describe Turner Syndrome. Individuals with this condition do not have two normal X chromosomes, nor do they have an extra X chromosome; rather, they usually have a single X chromosome, which is a defining trait of the syndrome. Additionally, while individuals with Turner Syndrome may face issues with fertility and can have challenges in passing on genetic information, they are still capable of transmitting genetic information through other means, such as existing X chromosomes or assisted reproductive technologies. Consequently, the focus on their physical and developmental challenges is essential to understanding the implications of Turner Syndrome.