Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

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Which chromosomes are referred to as sex chromosomes?

Chromosomes 1-22
X and Y chromosomes
Diploid chromosomes
Haploid chromosomes

The correct answer is: X and Y chromosomes

Sex chromosomes are specifically identified as the X and Y chromosomes. These chromosomes are responsible for determining the sex of an individual in many organisms, including humans. In humans, typically, females possess two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence of the Y chromosome is particularly significant as it initiates the development of male characteristics through genes such as SRY (Sex-determining Region Y). The other choices represent different categories of chromosomes. Chromosomes numbered 1-22 correspond to the autosomes, which are non-sex chromosomes. Diploid and haploid refer to the number of sets of chromosomes present in a cell; diploid cells contain two sets (one from each parent), whereas haploid cells contain only one set. Therefore, the correct identification of sex chromosomes is clearly defined as the X and Y chromosomes, which carry the genetics necessary for sexual differentiation.