Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

What is the primary role of nucleic acids?

1. Energy storage

2. Providing structural support

3. Storing and transferring genetic information

4. Facilitating cellular movement

The correct answer is: Storing and transferring genetic information

Nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, play a crucial role in the storage and transfer of genetic information within biological organisms. This information is essential for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living things. DNA serves as the primary blueprint for the genetic code, containing the instructions necessary for the synthesis of proteins that carry out various functions in cells. RNA, particularly messenger RNA, is involved in translating these instructions into proteins, acting as a intermediary that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. In addition to their role in heredity and protein synthesis, nucleic acids are also involved in the regulation of gene expression and the transfer of genetic information during processes such as replication and transcription. Therefore, their primary role is intimately connected to the fundamental processes of life, making them essential to the continuity and variation of genetic material across generations.