Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

What is the primary function of the interphase in the cell cycle?

1. Cell division occurs

2. Cellular metabolic activity is high

3. Chromosomes are divided

4. DNA is synthesized

The correct answer is: Cellular metabolic activity is high

The primary function of interphase in the cell cycle is indeed characterized by high levels of metabolic activity within the cell. During this stage, the cell is engaged in various crucial processes that prepare it for division. These processes include protein synthesis, energy production, and the duplication of organelles, all of which are essential for the cell's growth and function. Interphase consists of three sub-phases: G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (second gap), each playing a specific role in preparing the cell for mitosis. In G1, the cell grows and carries out normal metabolic functions. During the S phase, DNA is synthesized, which is important for ensuring that the genetic material is accurately replicated for cell division. In G2, further growth occurs, and the cell prepares for mitosis. While DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase, it is a part of the broader metabolic activity that takes place throughout interphase. Thus, high cellular metabolic activity is the overarching function of interphase, encompassing not only DNA replication but also other vital processes that uphold cell viability and function.