Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

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What does the term 'locus' refer to in genetics?

The overall phenotype of an organism
The location of a gene on a chromosome
The function of a gene
The inheritance pattern of a gene

The correct answer is: The location of a gene on a chromosome

The term 'locus' in genetics specifically refers to the fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene is located. It is a precise location that helps researchers and biologists identify the specific area of the chromosome that corresponds to a gene or genetic marker. Understanding a locus is crucial for studying inheritance patterns and genetic variation within populations. The concept of a locus assists in mapping genes and can help in determining the effects of mutations at that location. In genetics, it is important to have a systematic way to refer to the locations of genes on chromosomes, and the term locus provides that clarity. This understanding lays the foundation for more complex discussions regarding gene expression and genetic traits.