Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

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The genome refers to:

  1. The physical structure of chromosomes

  2. The complete set of genetic material in an organism

  3. The proteins produced by an organism

  4. The expression of traits in an organism

The correct answer is: The complete set of genetic material in an organism

The genome refers to the complete set of genetic material in an organism, which includes all of its DNA, encompassing both the genes that code for proteins and the non-coding regions that may play roles in regulatory functions or other aspects of gene expression. This definition captures the entirety of the hereditary information contained in the organism's chromosomes, which can influence every aspect of its development, physiology, and evolutionary history. Understanding the genome as the complete collection of genetic material is crucial in genetics and molecular biology, as it provides the blueprint from which traits are expressed, and guides the processes of inheritance. This foundational concept is essential for studying genetic variation, evolution, and the underlying mechanisms of inheritance.

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