Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

High levels of cholesterol in the blood are associated with which risk?

1. Diabetes

2. Respiratory disease

3. Cardiovascular disease

4. Neurodegenerative diseases

The correct answer is: Cardiovascular disease

High levels of cholesterol in the blood are primarily associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in the fats of your blood and is necessary for building healthy cells. However, when levels are too high, it can lead to the buildup of plaques in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This buildup restricts blood flow and can increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and related cardiovascular issues. In the context of cardiovascular health, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is often labeled as "bad" cholesterol because it contributes to plaque buildup, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol as it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. Consequently, managing cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and, if necessary, medication is crucial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.